What type of plants can reproduce by stolons, rhizomes, tubers, or bulbs?

Perennials are plants that can live for three years or more, and they often have specialized structures that enable them to reproduce and survive over multiple growing seasons. Stolons, rhizomes, tubers, and bulbs are all methods of asexual reproduction commonly found in perennial plants.

Stolons, sometimes referred to as "runner" stems, grow horizontally above the ground and can develop new plants at their nodes. Rhizomes are similar but grow horizontally underground. Tubers are thickened parts of underground stems that store nutrients and can give rise to new plants, while bulbs consist of a short stem surrounded by fleshy leaves that serve as storage organs for nutrients. These structures not only aid in propagation but also help perennials survive adverse conditions, such as winter.

In contrast, annual plants complete their life cycle within one year and typically do not reproduce vegetatively through the structures mentioned. Biennial plants require two years to complete their life cycle, usually focusing on vegetative growth in the first and flowering in the second year, so they also do not utilize those asexual reproductive methods in the same way. Winter annuals are a specific category of annual plants that germinate in the fall and complete their life cycle by spring, which does not